护理英语：外科术前、术中与术后恢复提问

一、术之前立刻

Before a surgery, much work should be done to make sure the patient's safety.

想到疗程之之前为了确保安全得治疗份的安全有许多实习要想到。1. Vital signs will be taken and recorded. Tell the doctor anything unusual.第一，要检测并记录肉体体征。将任何异常情况得知精神科。2. All prostheses such as contact lenses, artificial limbs and artificial teeth should be taken off.第二，所有磁共振，例如、假肢以及假牙都无论如何去掉。The anesthetist may prefer that artificial teeth be left in place. So the nurse must consult the anesthetist on this.师则但会希望让病患戴着假牙，所以看护必均需医疗人员的建议。

3. The patient's nail polish and makeup should be removed. You will make it easier for the doctor to observe the patient for cyanosis.

第三，病患必均需去掉指甲油并卸妆。这样但会让精神科较易辨认得治疗是不是患有铜色得病。The cyanosis often shows the need for oxygen. Hairpins should also be removed because they will cause contamination铜色得病举例来说说明病患无均需再多氧。还其所去掉发夹等衣著，以免造成受到感染。4. The bladder should be emptied by voiding or by catheter. A full bladder could be damaged during surgery.第四，经过手淫或者导尿丢弃十二指肠。十二指肠内充满体液则但会在疗程流程里面受到影响。5. Unless the surgery is a small one, the bowel should be cleaned by enemas before the surgery. It will prevent much discomfort after the surgery. It will also prevent contamination.第五，术之前病患均需应用于银制剂丢弃大肠，小疗程除外。这但会不确实很多术后痛楚征状。还可以不确实受到感染。6. Sedative is usually given 30 minutes to an hours before the patient is taken to the surgical room. It will make the anesthesia easier.第六，解毒剂举例来说在病患踏入疗程寝室之前30分钟到一小时内注射。这可以让流程透过地较易一些。After that, the patient should be encouraged to rest quietly. A member of the family may be allowed to stay in the room with the patient.然后无论如何上声安慰病患踏入休眠状态。疗程寝室内有时可以准许病患的一位家人陪伴。7. The patient's chart should be taken to the surgical room and it must be complete. It must include all laboratory and X-ray reports, a signed operative permit, etc.第七，病患的得病历表无论如何带入疗程寝室，并且括弧无均需零碎。上面必均需以外所有的化验和X光检查报告以及一份签名的疗程执照等等。Allergies and required medicine, such as insulin must be shown on the chart.发炎原和所均需抑制剂，如本品，也应在括弧里面注明。

Excuse me, Ms. Wang. I want to go to the toilet.

劳驾，王之看护。我想去公厕。You need not go to the toilet. Please try the bedpan.你不但会去公厕。恳请你用便盆吧。How can I urinate in bed?我怎么能在床上小便呢？You know you will not be allowed to get up for several days after the operation. So you must learn to use the bedpan.疗程此后几天你是不准许下床的。所以你必均需学者应用于便盆。OK. Let me he a try.好吧。我试试。When will I be sent to the operating room?我什么时候先疗程寝室？About 8 O'clock. I'll wake you up at 7 O'clock and put down a nasogastric tube through one of your nostrils.是从午间。我但会在七点就让你然后从你的咽里面吊入一根胃管。

Could you tell me why?

你能并不知道我为什么要吊胃管吗？We will give you food through the tube on the second and third day after the operation.疗程后第二、三天我们无均需通过胃管给你喂食。What time will I be back here?我什么时候能被送回这里？You'll be back at about 3 pm.是从下午日之前。How can my wife know about the operation?我儿子怎样了解我疗程的令人满意？She can stay in the waiting room. We'll tell her as soon as possible about the operation.她但会在等候寝室。疗程一之前我们但会正要通知她。He you signed the consent?你在同意近日签字了吗？Yes. What should I do before operation?签了。疗程之前我无论如何想到什么？We'll prepare you by shing and cleaning. Then you'll take a shower. You'll he a liquid diet for supper.我们但会给你剃须想到清洁。然后你要洗个澡。吃饭你要爱吃一些流食。I know. Will the operation hurt very much?我知道了。疗程但会很痛吗？Don't worry. You won't feel anything during the operation.别担心，疗程流程里面你不但会显现出任何眼部。You'll find yourself back in the room after the operation.疗程后你醒来的时候就已经在得加护了。You may feel some pain and feel drowsy. We will give you an injection to relieve the pain if you can't stand it.你则但会感到有点痛并昏昏沉沉。如果眼部难忍的话我们但会给你注射一些缓解眼部的抑制剂。Thank you.对不起你 二、疗程里面

Operator, put me through to the operating room please.

话务员，恳请找来我邻疗程寝室。Just a minute. The line is engaged.稍等。目之前占线。A few seconds later.几秒钟后。Operation room.疗程寝室May I speak to the head nurse?能恳请看护长邻电话吗？Of course, she's right here.当然可以，她就在这。

Hello, I'm the head nurse. What can I do for you?

想见，我是看护长。有什么可以找来您？What's going on in the operation room right now?疗程寝室里面目之前是什么情况。I he an emergency case coming in.我正要有一个立刻得发病。We're making necessary preparations for an acute appendicitis operation this afternoon Dr. Wang is going to perform the operation.我们在为今天下午王之精神科的急性阑尾炎疗程想到确实立刻。I was asked half an hour ago to see a severely injured patient who has had several of his ribs fractured. He needs a chest operation immediately. Would you arrange for an emergency operation?我半小时之前转交了一个导致肋骨骨折的得治疗。他无均需立刻不但会邻受心脏疗程。你们找来我顾及立刻疗程吗？Of course, I'll make the necessary arrangements right away. I'll phone you everything is ready.当然可以。我正要想到确实立刻。一切立刻完此后我给你邻到。Fine, I'll be waiting for your call.好的，我等你电话。By the way, please tell the nurse that the blood bank will bring us 3 or 4 units of type B blood for surgical use.对了。恳请并不知道看护血库但会给我们3或4一个单位的B型血供疗程应用于。Anything else?还有其他要告知的吗？Yes, I'm planning to use a general anesthesia and would like to he an assistant.有，我无均需想到浑身，无均需一位他的学生。All right. I'll let Dr. Wang know it immediately.好的。我正要通知王之精神科。Thank you.对不起你。You're welcome.不不对。After the operation. 三、术后 The patient is in narcosis, take care.病患还在苏醒状态，多知悉。What kind of surgery has he had?他不但会邻受了什么疗程？A chest operation.心脏疗程。Is he allergic to any drug?他对什么抑制剂发炎吗？He's allergic to meperidine.他对哌替啶发炎。Did he lose much blood during the surgery?疗程里面他败血症很多吗？He lost 400 ml of blood and received 2 units of red cells.他败血症400ml。我们给他再多了2一个单位的血浆。Has he received any other fluids?你们给他再多其他混合物了吗？1000 ml of 5% dextrose in distilled water.1000毫升包涵5%的硫酸。 四、疗程后康复与医疗

After the operation, the surgical patient often needs intensive care.

疗程此后，外科得治疗举例来说无均需增先医疗。Here there are some reasons. Of course, some common problems will occur.这其里面有一些原因。当然，也但会有一些常见问题注意到。The problems can be expected and therefore anticipated.这些问题是可以预见的。After the operation, patients often need hemodynamic monitoring.疗程此后无均需对得治疗透过血流物理集中管理。Many of the conditions are related to basic medical problems.得治疗的很多征状与基本上的医学问题关的。Some patients will he intraoperative hemorrhage or postoperative infection.一些得治疗但会注意到术里面出血或术后受到感染。

It may lead to instability. So the patient needs special care.

这但会导致疗程后得病情丧失不稳固。因此得治疗无均需引人注意看护。This will be much more common after emergency surgical procedures.这种情况在抢救疗程得治疗额头更为常见。If patients suddenly decompensate, they need to be taken into the intensive care unit, ICU.如果得治疗突然新陈代谢失调，无均需将其邻回急诊增先医疗得加护。Patients with severe blunt or penetrating trauma will also suffer from hemodynamic instability.钝挫伤及穿透力创伤病患还但会注意到血流物理不稳固。Very often, they will he an immediate inflammatory response which is caused by severe bone and soft tissue injury.他们很则但会注意到急性病变质子化，这是由导致骨质或者结节伤所致。If hypovolemic shock occurs, then it shows that the injury is serious. The patient sometimes needs blood transfusion to correct the deficit.如果注意到极低血容量性休克，这说明伤情导致。有时无均需对得治疗透过再多血来补充其体内血液。Occasionally, the patient's physiological changes call for critical care.得治疗的生理反应变化偶尔也但会无均需引人注意集中管理。If patients he nontrauma emergencies that are related to perforated viscous or necrotic bowel, an even greater total body insult will occur.如果非创伤性疾得病的抢救病患的得病症与肠穿孔连续性或肠坏死有关，那么病患整个各部位则但会受其负面影响。Each insult leads to a systemic inflammatory response.这些负面影响但会分别导致各个肾脏的有系统病变质子化。It may progress to multi-organ failure if appropriate intervention is not provided.如果不采取有效治疗，病患也许注意到多肾脏功能衰竭 。Collectively, these surgical patients cover the majority of the patients who he to be sent to the ICU.总而言之，急诊加护得加护的病患大多是外科疗程病患。 五、术后丧失

Ms. Wang, I'm hing a pain here.

王之精神科，我这里很痛。I'll give you pain relieving medicine.我给你后下一些止痛药。It's better now. But I'm a little thirsty. Would you please give me some water?如今好些了。但是我很渴。你可以给我一些水喝吗？I'm afraid I can't. But I can moisten your lips to quench your thirst.坦言，恐怕你如今不可以喝水。但是我可以在你的耳朵上蘸一些水找来你解渴。Thanks. When can I drink?对不起。我什么时候可以喝水？When your bowel is sound and gag reflex returns.无均需等你的肠鸣音和咽反射丧失此后才可以喝。Then I can eat something?那时我就可以爱吃东西了吗？I'm afraid you can't.恐怕不行。When can I eat?我什么时候才可以爱吃东西？

You can take a liquid diet on the 1st postoperative day. You will gradually increase to a soft diet and regular meals after the 4th postoperative day.

疗程一天此后你可以爱吃一些流食。然后你慢慢可以爱吃软食，疗程四天此后就可以正常用餐了。What's the liquid diet?流食是什么？It consists of liquids that don't irritate or cause gas formation, for example, tea, coffee, strained food or vegetable juice and fat-free broth.流食以无易挥发或者不但会导致气体激发的混合物为主，例如茶、的肉类、填充肉类、蔬菜汁和无脂姜。What's the soft diet?软食是什么？It includes soup, fish, eggs but not fried, bean curd, noodles, dumplings and so on.软食以外姜、肉、非酱料肉、豆腐、面条、饺子等等。Which kind of food should I oid?我无论如何不确实爱吃哪些食用呢？Rich pastries, hey salad dressing, fried food, lard, etc.香甜的糕点、相当多的巴拉酱调料、酱料肉类、猪油等。Anything important?还有什么无均需引人注意注意的吗？Yes, you'll do some breathing exercise tomorrow.有，明天你无均需想到一些痉挛唱歌。Why?为什么？The exercise will help prevent respiratory complications.痉挛唱歌可以持续性肠胃并发症。Will you help do the exercise or I do it myself?我要自己想到唱歌吗，还是你但会社会实习我？I'll help you and give you some advice.我但会找来你，给你提一些建议。Can you tell me now how I will do it?你如今可以并不知道我怎样想到吗？Of course. Press your incision, breathe deeply and then cough. I will raise the head of your bed.当然可以。遥控器疗程切口，深痉挛然后气喘。我但会把你的据闻增高一些。I see.我知道了。Please press the button when you feel discomfort.如果你感到有什么痛楚的话恳请按呼叫器。I will. Thank you.我但会的，对不起你。